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Academic Studies

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Calgary Study:

• Effect of an Unstable Shoe Construction on Lower Extremity Gait Characteristics
• Summary of the Calgary Study

The Calgary University Study Demonstrated:

1. increased lower-limb muscle activity (on sEMG) in quiet standing
2. an increase in Centre of gravity (COG) excursion indicating postural adjustment to the unstable shoe base
3. decreased hip and knee moments in walking.

Sheffield Study:

• Changes in gait characteristics of a normal, healthy population due to an unstable shoe construction.
• Summary of the Sheffield Study

The Sheffield Study Demonstrated:

1. a more upright posture during walking
2. increased sEMG activity of the gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus (calf, hamstrings and bum)
3. decreased multifidi sEMG activity (low back muscles)
4. reduced transient force-peaks.

Edinburgh Study:

• In-Shoe Preasure Distribution in MBTs versus Flat-Bottomed Training Shoes: A Preliminary Study

Edinburgh Pilot Study Demonstrated:

1. reduced heel and mid-foot pressures
2. increased forefoot and toe pressures.